ACUTE ABDOMINAL PAIN IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN Assignment

ACUTE ABDOMINAL PAIN IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN - Assignment Example The symptoms of acute abdominal pain are nausea and vomiting. Other indications include guarding which is the contraction of abdominal muscles and when pressure is applied to the abdomen. There would be rigidity of the abdominal muscles or rebound tenderness, an increase in severe pain and discomfort when pressure is being applied to the localized area of the abdomen. The patient also has increased white blood cell count. In older patients, presentation delays, coexistent of disease and social and physical barriers complicate acute abdominal pain presentation (Nabi, 2011). There are several diagnostic methods in evaluation of acute abdominal pain. Laboratory tests are done on the blood and urine specimen. The ultrasound is used in the evaluation of abdominal spaces with sound waves while the Computer Tomography (CT) scan is an x-ray technique using a computer program to develop detailed images. The ultrasound and CT are reliable in detecting common diagnoses causing acute abdominal pain. However, the ultrasound misses more cases than CT scan that is more sensitive (van Randen, Lameris, van Es, van Heessewijk, van Ramshorst, Ten, Bouma, van Leeuwen, Bossuyt, Stoker, Boermeester, & OPTIMA Study Group, 2011). Multi-detector CT can be used in evaluating patients with acute abdominal pain. It is an extremely CT noninvasive method for acute abdominal pain diagnosis and management. In the plan of care for patients with acute abdominal pain, the nurse has a key role in the assessment, history taking and management. Assessment is done through physical examination and acquiring diagnostic data. A comprehensive assessment of pain including onset, location, characterization, duration, onset, frequency, quality, and intensity should be performed. Factors such as fear, fatigue and lack of information should be reduced to eliminate factors that may increase the

Ending Government's Offending Program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Ending Government's Offending Program - Essay Example Also, we wish to specifically know the length of time by which an offender commits another crime. Time series analysis in which we compare the result of for those offenders before and after the program was instituted will be done. The data will be gathered from the concerned institution and regression analysis will be conducted. The Ending Offending Program particularly targets treatment for offenders who are found to be substance abusers. The specific concern that the government faces with the substance abusers is the number of re-offending cases even after a punishment is served. This is based on the belief that until substance abuse is stopped, no significant change in behaviour will be expected, thus the likelihood of re-offending is still high. This particular program targets four treatment strategies: substance abuse awareness, lifestyle choices, awareness of attitudes or behaviour related to alcohol use and relapse prevention planning to manage triggers relating to alcohol abuse and to establish positive lifestyle choices (Queensland Corrective Services, 2009). The Queensland Corrective Services describe the program as "a culturally-specific program designed for Indigenous offenders to help address aspects of their criminogenic behaviour relating to alcohol abuse" (2009). ... ulturally-specific program designed for Indigenous offenders to help address aspects of their criminogenic behaviour relating to alcohol abuse" (2009). Specifically, the Ending Offending Program is an intervention that wishes to alter the drinking and drug use behavior of the offenders through a cognitive behavioural model that "uses both active and experiential learning exercises that are culturally appropriate" (Queensland Corrective Services, 2009). The specific goals of the program include changing the offenders "understanding, attitudes and behaviour in regards to alcohol use" (Queensland Corrective Services, 2009). For the purpose of evaluation, we will be looking at the effectiveness of the model in terms of curtailing substance and alcohol abuse and subsequently criminal offenses. So far, there are specifically four mentioned intervention programs and we will analyze each one - the substance abuse awareness, lifestyle choices, awareness of attitudes or behaviours related to alcohol use and relapse prevention planning to manage triggers relating to alcohol abuse and to establish positive lifestyle choices. The study will be conducted using both qualitative and quantitative methods. The quantitative method particularly time-series analysis will be done to test the over-all effect of the program versus the absence of the program. This necessitates the use of dummy variable so as the differentiate the period from which the intervention was introduced versus the period prior to the introduction of the program. Over-all, the program aims to reduce recidivism, reduce the negative consequences of alcohol and drug use, enhance the process of restitution and reparation and foster partnership in aboriginal development (Hunter, 1999). For this particular paper, we

Business environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business environment - Essay Example Organizational Mission Organizations are formed to pursue diverse aims depending on the values of the founders and the needs of the stakeholders. Hence, certain organizations may be formed to produce goods while others may be formed to provide services. Some organizations may also be formed with the explicit purpose of earning profits for their owners while others may not have the profit motive as their primary aim (Gaspar et al., 2005, p. 40). Charities such as The Asia Foundation and CARE International define the donations they receive as receipts rather than revenues; hence, their surplus is different from profit. Organizations such as the police force or fire department are public-sector organizations as opposed to private-sector organizations. These organizations are not formed with the intent of earning profits; rather, their purpose is to provide an essential service to citizens of the community (Gaspar et al., 2005, p. 40). The fact that they are owned by the state as opposed to private interests increases their credibility to provide essential goods or services without discrimination or bias to all citizens. Business organizations clearly exist to earn profits. At the same time, they address the needs of stakeholders who help them earn those profits. Therefore, their purpose is to identify a target market and develop goods and services to satisfy specific needs of the target segment. Organizations whose business activities extend the national boundaries are called international business organizations. Their purpose is to earn profits through efficiencies in supply chain and logistics while exploring new markets. However they may be described or categorized, organizations are influenced by their purpose or mission which defines the scope of their activities. The Influence of Stakeholders Due to the rapidly globalizing business environment, organizations have adopted a ‘stakeholder approach’ instead of the ‘shareholder approach’ (Hamilton and Webster, 2012, p. 100). The stakeholder approach encourages organizations to address the needs of those segments other than the owners whose interests are affected by the activities of the organization (Hamilton and Webster, 2012, p. 100). The stakeholders include such varied groups as customers, suppliers, competitors, media personnel, government authorities, regulators, the natural environment and the community. The manner in which the organization conducts its activities affects the interests of these segments. As organizations expand to international business, the number of stakeholders and their obligations increases substantially. Addressing the needs and interests of these stakeholders creates social capital and a positive reputation for the organization (Hamilton and Webster, 2012, p. 100). Some scholars argue that it is also economically sensible for organizations to pursue the stakeholder approach. With limited resources, organizations try to meet the needs of different stakeholders. Through its charitable causes, the Bill Gates Foundation established by the Microsoft founder helps the software giant develop a positive reputation marred by concerns about the competitive strategies pursued by the company. Another organization, British Petroleum (BP) regularly invests in green technology to protect the natural environment from pollution and destruction (BP, 2013). Nestle follows the stakeholder approach through its supply chain. The company supports sustainable

Working arrangements at Richer Sounds Essay Example for Free

Working arrangements at Richer Sounds Essay The majority of the people Richer Sounds employ are employed on a permanent basis. All these people are issued with a written contract of employment. Permanent workers are given a 20 day paid holiday each year, this increase after six years by 1 day extra holiday per year, so if they work for 10 years they can get up to 25 days paid holiday a year. They are also entitled to sick pay, where they will be paid their normal wage for the first 10 days, then half of the wage for the next 20 days and after 30 days they will need to claim for government statutory sick pay. People who come to work on a temporary basis wouldnt be issued with a written contract of employment. Temporary employment is mainly done during busy periods such as Christmas, where colleges will be employed for a short time and their work will end as soon as the sale period is over.  Most colleagues in Richer Sounds work full time although their hours vary, because not all stores have taken the new working arrangement, which is to work from 12 noon to 7pm. A normal working week will be a total of 42.5 hours per week and for the stores who have changed to the new working arrangement it will be less. Contract of employment The contract is a written legally binding document provided by the employer for employee, the contract states in detail of what the employees terms and conditions are.  The terms of employment for colleagues in Richer Sounds are that they obey the rules of employment and codes of conduct; these are the two main and most important terms in Richer Sounds. The rules of employment are split into two sections. Section A are rules that Richer Sounds have decided for the company and section B are rules for the colleagues of Richer Sounds. Richer Sounds Advertise for new colleagues by advertising their vacancies within every edition of the in-store catalogue and website. Usually these vacancies are for needs of new sales person or need of new employees to work in the departments. This generates ongoing applications (CVs) from many interested people. If there are no vacancies at the time, then the company keeps a record of all the people who have applied for Richer Sounds, for a max of six months. These adverts saves the company major amounts of money, because if they were to publish it on the newspaper then they would have to pay a certain amount of money to the newspaper company, therefore the idea of publishing vacancy adverts on their catalogues and website is a really good way to save money. If the company doesnt receive any phone calls or reply from any people regarding an interest in the job, then the company will have to publish the ad in the newspapers, this way a wider range of people would be able to view it. Colleagues in Richer Sounds are also advised to introduce his/her friends or relatives to the business; however these applicants must also follow the same rules of the application process as all others do. Richer Sounds Advertise for new colleagues by advertising their vacancies within every edition of the in-store catalogue and website. Usually these vacancies are for needs of new sales person or need of new employees to work in the departments. This generates ongoing applications (CVs) from many interested people. If there are no vacancies at the time, then the company keeps a record of all the people who have applied for Richer Sounds, for a max of six months. These adverts saves the company major amounts of money, because if they were to publish it on the newspaper then they would have to pay a certain amount of money to the newspaper company, therefore the idea of publishing vacancy adverts on their catalogues and website is a really good way to save money. If the company doesnt receive any phone calls or reply from any people regarding an interest in the job, then the company will have to publish the ad in the newspapers, this way a wider range of people would be able to view it.  Colleagues in Richer Sounds are also advised to introduce his/her friends or relatives to the business; however these applicants must also follow the same rules of the application process as all others do.

Business Analysis Of LOréal

Business Analysis Of LOrà ©al LOreal is the worlds largest French based cosmetic company which is running successfully and globally in Northern America, Western Europe, Latin America, Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, Orient, Pacific and some other countries for the marketing business. Later, in Africa. They also offer the best for all the consumer beauty in many distribution channels like ( In Hair Salons, In Mass Market Outlets, In Perfumes and Department Stores, Through Pharmacies and Dermatologistics and In The Body Shop Stores as well). Cosmetics group is being able to focus in prices, for all the lifestyle, in many different regions globally. They are wondering that what is going to happen to their products from the same company which might take a huge turn over to complete or compitet against them. They also marked there 100 years would be defined with 100 different projects to give them a good support with their citizen projects and would involve the employers all over the world in a tangible and effective way. They also made a calculation reduction for their goals during (2005-2015). There Goals is to achieve 50% through the greenhouse gas emission 50% with the waste generations per finished products and 50% of water consumption per finished products. As LOreal is more considered into Making the World Beauty Universally for everyone in this whole world. INTRODUCTION LOreal company was invented in (1907) by Eugene Schueller the young French Chemist, who took a first move by creating the first hair dyes and started his sales by selling them to the French hairdressers. This move made him focus and concentrate on researching, starting for his investment to achieve the beauty for consumers and to look forward with the name LOreal. LOreal is a listed company, as Liliane Bettencourt and the Swiss food company Nestle are the founders as each of them are controlling 30% (percent) of the shares. In (1988-2000) the director and the chairman Lindsay Owen-Jones in (2006) started the company with the cosmetic marketing. Therefore today LOreal is the 1st Cosmetic group worldwide it has 27 International brands which is running globally in almost 130 Countries with à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡Ã‚ ¬20.3 Billion Euros with more than 68,900 Employees. LOreal company has a setup of 5 key division and activities which is related with LOreal LUXE, CONSUMER Products, PROFESSIONAL Products, ACTIVE Cosmetics and The BODY SHOP. There are some products which contains the highest growth rates like LancÃÆ' ´me, Giorgio Armani, Kiehls, Kerastase, Maybelline New York and La Roche-Posay contains a range of exceptionally high quality products that are globally recognized all over the world. Therefore, this success accomplished under his leadership Sir Lindsay who have recognized to help the consumers individually by desiring them or getting them to be beautiful, his mission was to achieve to create the effective growth strategy for their brands in order for companies success. PESTEL Analysis It stands for Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal analysis. It is a part of the external analysis when conducting a strategic analysis or doing market research and gives a certain overview of the different macro environmental factors that the company has to take into consideration. Political factors The political challenges is that LOreal must try to change all the political leadership styles in many different countries where they are operating it with. Or how and to what degree a government intervenes in the economy. Specifically, political factors include areas such as tax policy, labour law, environmental law, trade restrictions, tariffs, and political stability. Political factors may also include goods and services which the government wants to provide. Also, LOreal is getting effected by the legislation for advertising (demerit goods or merit bads). LOreal is producing almost all the safe products which doesnt contain any harmful substance or any kind of effectiveness. Furthermore, governments have great influence on the health, education, and infrastructure of a nation. Economic factors include economic growth, interest rates, exchange rates and the inflation rate in all the countries which they are operating in. For example in (2004), LOreal was been affected by the continues weakness of the dollar and other currencies. These factors have major impacts on how businesses operate and make decisions. For example, interest rates affect a firms cost of capital and therefore to what extent a business grows and expands. Exchange rates affect the costs of exporting goods and the supply and price of imported goods in an economy. Social factors Because LOreals business in exactly at the centre of the people all over. It is closely involved in the life of the communities where they are located and it also includes the cultural aspects and include health consciousness, population growth rate, age distribution, career attitudes and emphasis on safety. Trends in social factors affect the demand for a companys products and how that company operates. Technological factors It includes the ecological and environmental aspects, such as RD activity, automation, technology incentives and the rate of technological change. (Eugene Schelleur) who founded the scientist researches. LOreal has embraced the technological innovation in many ways. They can determine barriers to entry, minimum efficient production level and influence outsourcing decisions. Furthermore, technological shifts can affect costs, quality, and lead to innovation. Environmental factors The main factor includes weather, climate, and climate change, which is especially affects the industries such as tourism, farming, and insurance. Furthermore, growing awareness to climate change is affecting how companies operate and the products they offerit is both creating new markets and diminishing or destroying existing ones. Legal factors That include discrimination law, consumer law, antitrust law, employment law, and health and safety law. These factors can affect how a company operates, its costs, and the demand for its products. PORTER FIVE FORCES It exists with the intensity of the following Rivalries, Threat of Substitutes, Threat of new competitors, Bargaining power of Suppliers, and Bargaining power of Customers. It is essential to understand the many different risk and rewards of an industry. Bargaining Power of Suppliers (Internal) Suppliers is the business that supply materials and other products into the industry .if suppliers have a high range of bargaining power then the company gets less attraction. It has a high power when many buyers and few dominators supply not differentiated. High valued products (Switching cost Substitute products are unavailable in the market place. For Example: Raw Materials Packaging Point of Sales Equipments So that mean LOreal has many suppliers in producing their products. So therefore, their bargaining power is low. Bargaining Power of Customers (Internal) When buyers are less sensitive to prices, prices can increase and buyers will still buy the product. Inelastic demand positively affects LOreal Paris. When there are large numbers of customers, no one customer tends to have bargaining leverage. Limited bargaining leverage helps LOreal Paris. Intensity of Existing Rivalry (External) Government policies and regulations can dictate the level of competition within the industry and will have a long term negative impact on this entity, which subtracts from the entity value. Threat of Substitutes (External) Threat for substitute products refer to produce in other industries. It exists when a product demand is affected by the price change of a substitute product there are number of chemicals in shampoo and other bath and body products which is frightening. As essentially, whatever toxics to put or use in your mouth toxics on your skin as well. Threat of New Competitors (External) The important entry is for the Barriers quality, pricing and marketing which can overcome with the barriers in many different ways. Also new firms sometimes is easy to enter the industries because of high-quality products, lower price and substantial marketing resources. LOreals main competitors are the cover girls, Avon, Revlon etc. The main Threats for LOreal is their products are luxuries which could be hurt by an economic downturn however they are able to be global and act locally. Also it may affect their distribution system. VIRIN Analysis It stands for Valuable, Rare, Inimitable and Non-substitutable LOreal corporate reputation is a type of retailing which enables a brand KIELHS and THE BODY SHOP which are the free standing store and developing. This is an invaluable way of getting the consumers by measuring the success of products and advertising them in a real time. In LOreal rare is an auto regenerating flower which is known as Haberlea Rhodopensis which is global anti ageing skincare that produces to protect and revitalise the skin. SWOT Analysis The word SWOT is an acronym meaning: S Strengths W Weakness O Opportunities T Threats The main act of SWOT analysis is that The importance of performing a SWOT analysis is that, no business should take a high risk strategy if there are any significant weaknesses foreseen. Performing a SWOT analysis may consider in, What are the weak/strong products, divisions, attitudes etc.? Are there any gaps/opportunities? Are we strong in the right way to exploit the opportunity? Considering the above facts a SWOT analysis has taken place to mark the right opportunity. Strengths: Generally high profit margins Well known worldwide High RD skills in Headquarters Product Innovation Consistent quality Workplace safety and environmental concern (image) Local product production and loyal customers Online growth Weakness: Bad communication High Failure rate of new cosmetics Low profit margins may be subject to seasonal variations such as (Valentines, Mothers Day and Christmas). Opportunities: Acquisitions natural product awareness. High quality products will become prevalent. Financial markets (raise money through debt, etc) Emerging new market segments and expansion abroad. Product and services expansion Asian, African and South American markets are growing. Threats: High competition from foreign brands. Low cost of switching may encourage consumers to trail new products. Economic downturn has a result in the reduction of spending on luxury goods. Conclusion Based on this analysis LOreal is trying to focus on the photonics to enhance the cosmetics colours, with the shop shelves where there are trying to show the world as the first cosmetic. LOreal sales margin in yearly bases is more than 4.6 billion individually as ever purchase of any consumers choice product like ( beauty salon ). This is the main reason why the consumer are satisfied and look forward to their products. Là ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢Oreal seems to give it competitive advantage over its rivals. They are a dominant player in the market and probably the leading seller of the beauty products. They also have many opportunities to open them and they should also take advantage of their strengths in the market they operate with. In short, the main fact behind their success is to reach out to the consumers with many different countries of the global by different cultural patterns and different income ranges. That is the main reason behind their success of brand LOreal.

Ethics in Aerospace Essay example -- Flight Flying Essays

Ethics in Aerospace The aerospace industry is fairly new in our day in age. It has been recorded in history that the first flight ever by man took place in Kitty Hawk, NC roughly 100 years ago. Since that first model, drastic improvements have been made in aerospace technology. Aerospace has evolved from simple prop planes to sound barrier breaking jets and even to space shuttles. The very definition of aerospace in the adjective or active form is â€Å"of or relating to aerospace, to vehicles used in aerospace or the manufacture of such vehicles, or to travel in aerospace.† In general, aerospace deals with any dynamic manufactured vehicle that travels above the surface of the earth. This, as you might expect, leaves two possibilities, the atmosphere or our earth, and outer space. Such basic examples of aerospace vehicles are Cessna planes, Black Hawk helicopters, Goodyear blimps and the Columbia Space Shuttle. Throughout the 20th century and into the 21st, aerospace has and will continue to be an integrated part of our society. Safety in the ethics and industry of aerospace technology is of prime importance for preventing tragic malfunctions and crashes. Opposed to automobiles for example, if an airplane breaks down while in mid-flight, it has nowhere to go but down. And sadly it will often go down â€Å"hard† and with a high probability of killing people. The Engineering Code of Ethics states first and foremost that, â€Å"Engineers shall hold paramount the safety, health and welfare of the public.† In the aerospace industry, this as well holds very true, both in manufacturing and in air safety itself. Airline safety has recently become a much-debated topic, although arguments over air safety and travel have been going ... ... Finally, the fairness issue would state that it’s only fair that everyone have the equal amount of safety in skies. This would imply that it would be the most fair if a higher percentage of passengers were free from fatal crashes rather than a lower percentage. The final decision would then be to have the engineers and manufacturers are at the uppermost authority in aerospace decision making with regards to ethics. They should have the primary responsibility to inform the government, at any cost and at any concern as to the safety and well being of passengers who fly. Engineers and manufacturers are the ones who create aerospace vehicles, so they should be the ones to decide on the extent of their safety, and the safety of all who use them. Reference Websites: http://members.aol.com/safeflt/aspects.htm http://dnausers.d-n-a.net/dnetGOjg/Research.htm Ethics in Aerospace Essay example -- Flight Flying Essays Ethics in Aerospace The aerospace industry is fairly new in our day in age. It has been recorded in history that the first flight ever by man took place in Kitty Hawk, NC roughly 100 years ago. Since that first model, drastic improvements have been made in aerospace technology. Aerospace has evolved from simple prop planes to sound barrier breaking jets and even to space shuttles. The very definition of aerospace in the adjective or active form is â€Å"of or relating to aerospace, to vehicles used in aerospace or the manufacture of such vehicles, or to travel in aerospace.† In general, aerospace deals with any dynamic manufactured vehicle that travels above the surface of the earth. This, as you might expect, leaves two possibilities, the atmosphere or our earth, and outer space. Such basic examples of aerospace vehicles are Cessna planes, Black Hawk helicopters, Goodyear blimps and the Columbia Space Shuttle. Throughout the 20th century and into the 21st, aerospace has and will continue to be an integrated part of our society. Safety in the ethics and industry of aerospace technology is of prime importance for preventing tragic malfunctions and crashes. Opposed to automobiles for example, if an airplane breaks down while in mid-flight, it has nowhere to go but down. And sadly it will often go down â€Å"hard† and with a high probability of killing people. The Engineering Code of Ethics states first and foremost that, â€Å"Engineers shall hold paramount the safety, health and welfare of the public.† In the aerospace industry, this as well holds very true, both in manufacturing and in air safety itself. Airline safety has recently become a much-debated topic, although arguments over air safety and travel have been going ... ... Finally, the fairness issue would state that it’s only fair that everyone have the equal amount of safety in skies. This would imply that it would be the most fair if a higher percentage of passengers were free from fatal crashes rather than a lower percentage. The final decision would then be to have the engineers and manufacturers are at the uppermost authority in aerospace decision making with regards to ethics. They should have the primary responsibility to inform the government, at any cost and at any concern as to the safety and well being of passengers who fly. Engineers and manufacturers are the ones who create aerospace vehicles, so they should be the ones to decide on the extent of their safety, and the safety of all who use them. Reference Websites: http://members.aol.com/safeflt/aspects.htm http://dnausers.d-n-a.net/dnetGOjg/Research.htm

Bop Music in the 1950s Essay -- Music

The Bop Beat The bebop revolution coincided with the birth of the Beat Generation. In a slightly unbalanced relationship, Beat writers often molded their poetics and style after the playing of such jazz music. "Jazz writers," such as Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg, upheld their poetic ideals to the techniques of jazz musicians, such as rhythm, improvisation, and call and response. The structure of creative writing underwent a change, as the importance of form equaled that of theme. Swing, the predecessor of bop, was big, sweet, and hot. The performers were big bands, fronted by a charismatic bandleader, yet the success of a piece depended mostly on the unity of the ensemble as a whole, rather than on the showcasing of prodigious individuals. The requisite instrument was the saxophone, which was often smooth and mellifluous. Songs were old favorites, or simple jazz standards, that had been arranged to suit a large ensemble. Swing bands played in large venues, such as ballrooms, and to large audiences, who seized the opportunity to not just tap their toes, but to "jump, jive, and wail." The swing era became the most popular form of jazz, as it catered to audiences as a form of social and interactive entertainment. So, bop can be seen as a reaction to the eventual sterilization and ubiquity of swing music. The first bop records were made by in 1944 by Coleman Hawkins experimenting with his swing band. Several individuals were instrumental in the propagation of this new form, such as Charlie "Bird" Parker (alto sax), Dizzy Gillespie (trumpet), Thelonious Monk (piano), Bud Powell (piano), Miles Davis (trumpet), and Charles Mingus (bass). The standard ensemble became a quintet, consisting of piano, bass, drums, reed instrument... ...ndiana University Press, 1991. Ginsberg, Allen. Howl and other poems. San Francisco: City Lights Books, 1997. _____________. Composed on the Tongue. Bolinas, Cal: Grey Fox Press, 1980. Jones, Morley. Jazz. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1980. Kerouac, Jack. Book of Blues. New York: Penguin Books, 1995. ___________. On the Road. New York: Penguin Books, 1975. ___________. "The Essentials of Spontaneous Prose." Casebook on the Beat. Thomas Parkinson, ed. New York: Thomas Y. Cromwell Company, 1961. 65-67. Podhoretz, Norman. "The Know-Nothing Bohemians." Casebook on the Beat. Thomas Parkinson, ed. New York: Thomas Y. Cromwell Company, 1961. 204. Tallman, Warren. "Kerouac's Sound." Casebook on the Beat. Thomas Parkinson, ed. New York: Thomas Y. Cromwell Company, 1961. 220-221. Waters, Kristen. "Pandering to Publishers." Sequel. Vol. 10 (1998): 61.